RA Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

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Article featured on WebMD, Medically reviewed by Brunilda Nazario, MD

Rheumatoid arthritis can have many symptoms. The most common are stiff, painful joints and fatigue.

But this disease causes inflammation in many body parts, so you may have symptoms that you don’t realize are related to RA. Some are signs of serious complications that put your organs, or even your life, at risk.

If you have any of these symptoms, don’t try to deal with them on your own. Call your doctor right away.

Broken Bones

Both RA and medications to treat it, like steroids, cause your bones to become weaker. You’re more likely to break a bone if you fall. Exercise, especially weight-bearing activity like walking, helps to keep your bones strong.

Chest Pain

RA makes you more likely to get heart disease. Over time, plaque builds up in your arteries. Doctors call this atherosclerosis. This can lead to a heart attack. Chest pain is a common symptom.

RA is a possible cause of a painful heart problem called pericarditis. That’s when thin layers of tissue around your heart get inflamed. You may feel severe chest pain that’s easy to mistake for a heart attack.

Even though your chest pain may not be a heart attack, if you have it, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away.

Dryness

RA sometimes causes dry eyes. This makes you more likely to get an eye infection.

People with RA could get another autoimmune condition called Sjögren’s syndrome. It often leads to dry mouth, nose, eyes, vagina, or skin. Your lips or tongue may dry out, crack, and get infected.

Eye Problems

It’s rare, but RA can cause inflammation in the white part of your eye, called the sclera. The symptoms are mostly redness and eye pain. You might have blurry vision. If you notice these signs, see your doctor.

Work With Your Doctor to Prevent RA Complications

With RA, it’s important to treat more than just your joints. Talk to your doctor to tailor a plan.

Fever

It can be a sign of infection. RA medications like biologics and steroids slow down your immune system. While they ease joint pain and swelling, it’s harder for you to fight off bugs like the flu. RA makes you more likely to get an infection just because the disease wears down your immune system.

Mild fever is also one sign of an RA flare. That’s when inflammation gets out of control. If it gets too high, your doctor will check for infection.

Hearing Loss

There may be a slightly higher risk of hearing loss with RA.

Tinnitus, or ringing in your ears, can be a side effect of treatments like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Mood Changes

RA is tied to depression, anxiety, and other mood problems. That’s because the disease causes pain, fatigue, and stiffness that make it harder to do the things you enjoy. Depression and anxiety could also come from inflammation.

Some people with RA get fibromyalgia. This illness causes muscle pain and often leads to depression and anxiety. Stress makes all of your symptoms worse.

If your mood changes seem to take over your life, talk to your doctor. Depression and anxiety can become serious if you don’t treat them.

Numbness or Tingling

RA sometimes affects the small nerves in your hands or feet. They might feel numb or like you’re being stuck with pins and needles.

If these tiny blood vessels in your hands or feet shut down, your fingers or toes may feel cold or numb. They could even change color when it’s cold outside and look white, red, or blue.

Rheumatoid vasculitis, which affects blood vessels, can also cause numbness, tingling, burning, or pain in your hands or feet due to damaged nerves. If your hands or feet are so numb that they drop or go limp when you try to raise them, see your doctor right away.

Numbness and tingling are side effects of biologics, too.

Stomach Pain or Indigestion

RA and medicines used to treat it are linked to mouth and stomach ulcers, stomach bleeding, acid reflux, diarrhea, and constipation. Painful diverticulitis (inflamed pouches in your GI tract) and colitis (an inflamed colon) are also possible if you have RA.

RA drugs like NSAIDs often cause ulcers or an upset stomach.

Belly pain is sometimes a sign of a rare RA complication called rheumatoid vasculitis — when inflammation spreads to your blood vessels. Weight loss and lack of appetite are other symptoms. Vasculitis is serious, so see a doctor right away.

Trouble Breathing

If you have a hard time getting your breath and can’t figure out why, maybe RA is to blame. Some people with the disease, especially men who smoke or used to smoke, are more likely to get serious lung problems.

When RA inflammation causes scar tissue to form in your lungs, you might notice chronic cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness.

RA may inflame the tissue that lines your lungs. That can lead to shortness of breath or pain or discomfort when you breathe.

See your doctor right away if you have unusual breathing problems or a cough that won’t go away.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

Symptoms & Solutions: Spinal Stenosis

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Article featured on Arkansas Surgical Hospital

What is Spinal Stenosis?

Spinal stenosis is a deterioration of vertebrae that causes narrowing of the openings of the spinal column.  Over time, this puts pressure on the nerves inside the spinal column.  In most cases, individuals develop spinal stenosis in either the neck (called cervical stenosis) or the lower back (called lumbar stenosis).

What Causes Spinal Stenosis?

The most common cause of spinal stenosis is osteoarthritis that causes bone spurs.  These spurs can impinge on the spinal cord or pinch one or more nerves emanating from the spinal column.  Other causes of spinal stenosis include pressure on the spinal cord or nerves from herniated discs, tumors, thickened or inflamed ligaments, or trauma that dislocates or breaks vertebrae.

Types of Spinal Stenosis & Their Symptoms

Some people develop mild cases of spinal stenosis without experiencing any symptoms.  However, if the deterioration continues over time, a variety of symptoms can develop.  Symptoms are most common in individuals over 60 years of age and tend to become more severe with age due to wear and tear on the spinal vertebrae. Symptoms typically vary based on the location of the stenosis in the spine.

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Spinal stenosis is more common in the lower back than in the neck.  This type of spinal stenosis is called lumbar stenosis.  The most common symptom of lumbar stenosis is neurogenic claudication, which is leg pain that comes and goes due to pinched nerves in the spinal cord.  It can cause weakness or cramps in the legs that can be severe.  It is more troublesome when standing or walking for long periods, and it may become less severe or go away when you sit or bend forward.

Numbness or a pins-and-needles sensation in one or both legs is another symptom.  The sensation is similar to when your foot falls asleep, but is more frequent or may last longer.  Weakness in the feet or legs can also indicate lumbar stenosis.  Gait issues such as foot drop may arise from weakness in the calves or quadriceps.  Foot drop is the inability to raise the front of the foot properly due to weakness.  Instead, the foot drops forward, often dragging on the ground or causing the person to trip.

When the pain is in one leg and accompanied by weakness, it may be referred to as sciatica, depending on which nerve is compressed.  Some individuals may feel pain in the buttocks and lower back as well.

Cervical Spinal Stenosis

The narrowing of the spinal column that causes pressure on the spinal cord in the neck is called cervical stenosis.  People with cervical stenosis can develop problems with their gait and keeping their balance, which affects their mobility.  The gait problems arise from the compression of the spinal cord rather than a pinched nerve.  This condition progresses over time, with the individual falling more frequently as the compression worsens.

Pain in the shoulder, arm, or neck may also be a sign of cervical stenosis, particularly if the pain is shock-like or is accompanied by a burning sensation.  Some people experience numbness or a pins-and-needles tingling sensation in one or both hands.  This is sometimes accompanied by weakness and loss of fine motor skills.  Over time, it becomes increasingly harder to fasten buttons, use a pen, or perform simple tasks that require small movements.

In exceedingly rare cases, individuals with severe spinal stenosis may experience incontinence, severe weakness in the legs, or loss of feeling in the genitals and inner thighs.  If this happens, contact emergency medical help immediately.  For most people, spinal stenosis is diagnosed and treated before it progresses to this point.

Diagnosing Spinal Stenosis

Your doctor will initially diagnose cervical or lumbar stenosis based on your symptoms, medical history, risk factors (such as age and injury), and a complete physical exam.  To confirm the diagnosis, they will use imaging procedures to determine the cause of your symptoms.  These may include x-rays of the spinal column, MRIs, and CT scans.  These techniques can reveal bone spurs, herniated discs, tumors, and areas where there is pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

Conservative Treatments for Spinal Stenosis

There are several treatment options for mild to moderate spinal stenosis.  Your doctor can help determine the best treatment (or combination of treatments) for you based on the severity of your condition and your pain level.

Conservative treatments for mild to moderate spinal stenosis may include:

  • Pain relievers such as naproxen, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen for short-term relief
  • Antidepressants to minimize chronic pain and any resulting minor depression
  • Prescription opioids such as hydrocodone (used sparingly for short periods of time)
  • Physical therapy to improve muscle tone and strength, maintain spinal stability, and improve balance
  • Steroid injections to reduce the inflammation of irritated nerves

While these methods don’t correct spinal stenosis and may not work for everyone, they are typically done to reduce swelling, pain, and other symptoms.  Surgery is the last resort after other options for alleviating the symptoms of spinal stenosis have proven ineffective.

Surgical Solutions for Spinal Stenosis

When the symptoms of spinal stenosis become moderate or severe, surgery may be the only option.  This is particularly important when neurological issues, pain, or mobility problems have developed.  The goal of spinal stenosis surgery is to relieve pressure on the nerves or spinal cord so they can heal and return to proper functioning.

Laminectomy

The most common surgical treatment for either cervical or lumbar stenosis is a laminectomy.  During this procedure, two vertebral laminae—which form the “roof” of the spinal canal—and the bony area connecting them are removed, relieving pressure on the spinal cord.  Bone grafts or instrumentation are added to stabilize the site and protect the spinal cord.  Depending on the severity of the stenosis, fusion of the surrounding vertebrae may be performed for added stability.

Transforaminotomy

Transforaminotomy is generally for less severe cases of lumbar stenosis.  This option is not as involved as a laminectomy and is reserved for situations when the stenosis is restricted to a small area of the lumbar spine.  Transforaminotomy involves the widening of the bony openings between affected vertebrae, including the removal of any bone spurs that have developed.  Your surgeon may also remove damaged soft tissue or herniated discs.

Discectomy

If spinal stenosis is caused by a degenerated or herniated disc pressing on a nerve or the spinal cord, discectomy surgery may be done to remove all or part of the affected disc.  Partial discectomies are typically performed for lumbar stenosis, while complete discectomies are more common for cervical stenosis.  Your surgeon may fuse the surrounding vertebrae if needed.

Any of these surgical procedures may include minimally invasive options, depending on the severity of the spinal stenosis.  After surgery, appropriate care must be taken to allow the area to heal.  In some cases, patients will need physical therapy to ensure proper mobility following surgery.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

What to Do for Hand and Wrist Pain

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Article featured on verywellfit, Medically reviewed by Vanessa Nzeh, MD on May 01, 2021

Office work is well known for being detrimental to people’s backs due to prolonged periods of sitting.

But, there’s another body part that excessive typing, texting, scrolling, and mouse-clicking wreak havoc on, too—the hands and wrists.

Hand and wrist pain is a notable side effect of office work that many people assume they have to live with. Thankfully, there are actually numerous ways to lessen office-work-induced hand and wrist pain, and ways to help prevent it.

Let’s look at why hand and wrist pain are so prevalent and what you can do about it.

Common Causes And Effects of Hand And Wrist Pain

There is an abundance of hand movement repetition in the tasks for office work, with the main activities performed being typing, scrolling or clicking with a mouse, and texting on a cell phone.

When we type, we use our fingers in an unnatural way, and we often keep them hovered awkwardly above the keyboard for prolonged periods of time. This puts stress on our wrists, and the typing itself overworks our fingers far more than anything else we generally do in life.

When we overuse our hands and wrists by typing, our bodies are put at risk of developing numerous conditions. These include:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Trigger finger
  • Wrist tendonitis
  • Repetitive strain (or stress) injury

These effects are usually not permanent, but they can be very painful. Once you have frequent hand and wrist pain from typing, other activities in your life, such as exercise or sports, or even opening doors, might also be affected.

Additionally, the prolonged inflammation in your hands and wrists can lead to arthritis in coming years.

Ways to Reduce Hand and Wrist Pain

In addition to life being better when you’re not in pain, it’s important to take steps to prevent that potential occurrence too. Luckily, there are numerous actions you can take to prevent your hand and wrist pain from worsening.

Pausing to stretch your hands and wrists can help bring back flexibility and can improve the blood flow that may be impacted by a lack of arm movement.

If you notice that stretching your hands and wrists reduces your pain, you may opt to stretch briefly every hour or two. In the same way as it’s a good idea to get up and stand every hour to break up your sitting, it’s a good idea to keep your hands and wrists flexible as you use them throughout the day.

Wrist Stretching

Stretching your wrists is an easy way to reduce the pain in them caused by typing. Some examples of wrist stretches you can try are below:

  • Raise and lower your hands in a “stop” position with your arms outstretched in front of you.
  • Make and hold a fist.
  • Rotate your hand up and down while making a fist.

Hand and Finger Stretching

Stretching our hands and fingers isn’t something we tend to think a lot about unless we’re doing a sport that involves gripping, but it can be very helpful in reducing the pain from typing and texting all day.

Here are some ways to stretch your hands and fingers:

  • Straighten your fingers and palms flat against a surface and hold this position for thirty seconds.
  • Bend your fingertips down to make a bear claw shape and hold for 30 seconds.
  • Straighten your fingers and palm on a surface and slowly lift and lower each finger and thumb individually.
It can also be helpful to use a grip strengthener. To use one for hand stretching, you’ll hold it in your hands, squeeze, hold briefly, and release. This act of squeezing and relaxing helps to loosen the muscles. Grips strengtheners can also be used to reduce tension.

Strengthening Exercises

You don’t need a whole workout for your hands and wrists, but taking the time to strengthen this part of your body can have the effect of less pain due to overuse. You don’t need any gym equipment for these exercises.

Use Household Items

There are numerous household items that can be used to help strengthen your hands and wrists such as:

  • Rubber bands
  • Towels
  • A hammer

Exercises using those items can be done in just a few short minutes and are very simple, such as putting a rubber band around your fingers and then pushing your fingers out against it.

Wrist Curls

Unlike the small and simple moves with household items, wrist curls are a more common move for actual exercise workouts.

They can be beneficial to your hands and wrists as well as your forearms, which is the part they’re best known for strengthening.

The goal for this exercise isn’t to get sore, as it might be for some people when they use weights, but too slowly and gradually build strength so that your hands and wrists are in the best possible condition for the daily activities they perform.

Home Remedies For Pain

There are many inexpensive and easy ways to manage pain by reducing inflammation. You could take an over-the-counter pain reducer, which serves to temporarily lower inflammation, or try one of the following remedies below.

Heat and Cold

Alternating between hot and cold treatments through the use of a heating pad and an ice pack can lower inflammation while also providing temporary relief from pain. In the same way that you’d use heat and cold to relieve a sports injury, you can do the same for hand and wrist pain caused by overuse.

Turmeric

This Ayurvedic root is well proven to relieve pain and inflammation. It has been used for millennia and is an incredibly effective natural pain reliever.

With a bright golden color and a mild flavor, you can use ground turmeric in your meals, drink shots of the fresh juice, or make it into a tea.

Ginger

Also an Ayurvedic root used for many generations as a pain and inflammation reducer, ginger has been proven effective for relieving symptoms of arthritis.

Similarly to turmeric, you can use ginger as a dried spice in your cooking, make a tea from the root or powder, or drink fresh juice shots.

Reduce Systemic Inflammation With Everyday Activities

When you make efforts to reduce inflammation, it won’t only be your hands and wrists that will thank you.

Reducing systemic inflammation improves health overall and helps lower your risk for an assortment of illnesses.

There are many ways to go about reducing inflammation on a daily basis. Some you can try include yoga, eating fewer inflammatory foods, managing stress, and getting a sufficient amount of sleep.

How to Prevent Hand and Wrist Pain

Now that you know of ways to reduce the wrist and hand pain you may already have, it’s helpful to know how to keep it gone once you get rid of it.

In addition to taking steps to lower inflammation in your body, and stretching and strengthening your wrists, proper positioning when typing and the use of wrist and hand supports can lower the chances of your pain returning.

Positioning

When sitting to type, start by making sure you’re using a supportive chair that allows for good posture. Having your back straight will assist with the positioning of your arms and wrists. You’ll want to keep your hands hovered lightly over the keyboard, not resting on it, and your fingers curved over the keys.

If you aren’t able to find a comfortable position, you can try a keyboard with a different shape than the one you currently use.

Cushioning

In addition to choosing a keyboard that feels comfortable for your hands, you may find extra comfort in a mouse cushion and a keyboard cushion.

Though a mouse cushion can be used while you are actively using your mouse, a keyboard cushion should only be used when you are paused on typing. That’s because if you use it while you’re typing, you’ll be pushing your wrists up at a sharp angle.

Utilize a keyboard cushion while scrolling with your mouse, taking a brief break in typing, or reading.

Wrist Support Products

There are several types of products that provide support to your hands and wrists. In order to find one that allows you enough mobility while simultaneously providing sufficient support, you may need to try a few on.

Support options for hands and wrists include stabilizers, wraps, and braces.

Your wrists and hands may be in pain, but they don’t have to be! Try one or more of these suggestions to keep yourself pain free, no matter how much you type.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

How should you sleep if you have lower back pain?

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Article feature on MedicalNewsToday, Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.D., R.N., CRNA

Lower back pain can affect a person’s sleep as well as their daily activities, and sleeping in certain positions can cause or worsen the issue.

Below, learn about some appropriate sleeping positions for people with lower back pain. Then, find advice about choosing the right pillows and mattresses.

We also explore what having good sleep hygiene entails and when to see a doctor.

The best sleeping positions

Certain positions can place unnecessary strain on the neck, hips, and back, worsening, or even causing, back pain.

It is important to maintain the natural curve of the spine when lying in bed. To do this, make sure that the head, shoulders, and hips are aligned and that the back is properly supported. Sleeping on the back may help achieve this.

However, many people find that sleeping on their backs is uncomfortable or leads to snoring. Luckily, several other positions may also help improve the quality of sleep and reduce back pain.

Anyone with lower back pain might try the following sleeping positions:

On the back with knee support

Lying on the back evenly distributes the body’s weight, helping to minimize pressure and ensure a good alignment of the head, neck, and spine.

Placing a small pillow under the knees may provide additional support and help maintain the natural curve of the spine.

To get comfortable in this position:

  1. Lie flat on the back facing the ceiling. Avoid tilting the head sideways.
  2. Position a pillow to support the head and neck.
  3. Place a small pillow under the knees.
  4. For extra support, fill any other gaps between the body and mattress with additional pillows. Try placing one beneath the lower back.

On the side with a pillow between the knees

Lying on the side can be comfortable, but it can pull the spine out of alignment, straining the lower back.

It can be easy to correct this issue by placing a firm pillow between the knees. This raises the upper leg, restoring the natural alignment of the hips, pelvis, and spine.

To get comfortable in this position:

  1. Get into bed and carefully roll to one side.
  2. Use one pillow to support the head and neck.
  3. Pull the knees up slightly, and place another pillow between them.
  4. For extra support, fill any gaps between the body and mattress with more pillows, especially at the waist.

Anyone who usually moves from their side to their front may also want to try hugging a large pillow against their chest and stomach to help keep their back aligned.

In the fetal position

For anyone with a herniated disk, sleeping in the fetal position may help. This is because lying on the side with the knees tucked into the chest reduces bending of the spine and helps open up the joints.

To get comfortable in this position:

  1. Get into bed and carefully roll to one side.
  2. Position a pillow to support the head and neck.
  3. Draw the knees up toward the chest until the back is relatively straight.

On the front with a pillow under the stomach

This is generally considered the least healthy sleeping position — but for people who struggle to sleep any other way, placing a slim pillow beneath the stomach and hips can help improve spinal alignment.

Also, sleeping on the front may actually benefit anyone with a herniated disk or degenerative disk disease.

To get comfortable in this position:

  1. Get into bed and carefully roll onto the stomach.
  2. Place a slim pillow beneath the abdomen and hips.
  3. Use a flat pillow for the head, or consider sleeping without one.

On the front with the face down

Sleeping on the front is generally unhealthy when a person turns their head to the side, twisting the spine and placing additional stress on the neck, shoulders, and back.

To avoid this, try lying face down. To do so comfortably:

  1. Get into bed and carefully roll onto the stomach.
  2. Place a slim pillow beneath the abdomen and hips.
  3. Position a pillow or a rolled-up towel under the forehead to create enough breathing space between the mouth and mattress.

On the back in a reclined chair or bed

This might help people with lower back pain, particularly those with isthmic spondylolisthesis, a condition in which one spinal vertebra slips over the vertebra right below.

If a person gets significant relief from resting in a reclined chair, it may be worth investing in an adjustable bed that can be positioned in the same way.

Choosing a pillow

A pillow should maintain the natural position of the neck and help support the spine. Ideally, it should be comfortable and adaptable to different positions, and it should keep its overall shape.

Someone who sleeps on their back may be better suited to a thinner pillow because raising the head too much can strain the neck and back. Some thin pillows are specifically designed to support the neck.

Thin pillows are also ideal for placing under the hips, for people who sleep on their stomachs. Overall, memory foam may be a good option because it conforms to the shape of the head and neck.

People who sleep on their sides may be suited to thicker pillows. These should fill the space between the neck and mattress completely. A gusseted pillow might be an excellent choice.

People who sleep on their stomachs should use thin pillows or none at all because pushing the head backward places pressure on the neck.

Or, a person might try sleeping face down with a small, firm pillow propping up only their forehead. This leaves enough room to breathe but helps ensure that the neck stays straight.

Choosing a mattress

A mattress should be well made, supportive, and comfortable. Some people believe that a firm mattress is better for the back, but some evidence suggests that a medium-firm mattress is better for people with long-term lower back pain.

Body shape and size can help determine how much support a mattress should have. A person with wider hips may be better suited to a softer mattress, and a person with narrower hips may need a firmer one to keep their spine properly aligned.

Although they can seem more comfortable, softer mattresses provide less support. Sinking too deep can cause the joints to twist and the spine to come out of alignment.

A foam mattress topper can provide additional support to a spring mattress. Alternately, placing a plywood board beneath a mattress can increase firmness.

Sleep hygiene

Back pain can significantly disrupt sleep. Even so, it is best to try to maintain a regular schedule with consistent sleep and wake times, rather than sleeping in to compensate for lost sleep.

Most adults need 7–9 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period.

General sleep hygiene tips include:

  • avoiding stimulants, such as caffeine, in the evenings
  • avoiding heavy exercise in the hours leading up to bedtime
  • winding down before bed by reading, taking a warm bath, listening to relaxing music, or doing gentle yoga
  • making the bedroom a relaxing place by dimming the lights and removing distractions, such as computers and phones or TVs

When to contact a doctor

Anyone with severe or worsening back pain, particularly after a fall or injury, should speak with a doctor. Also, do so if any back pain gets worse after resting or sleeping.

Seek immediate medical guidance if back pain is accompanied by any of the following:

  • fever
  • chest pain
  • numbness in the legs, buttocks, or groin areas
  • difficulty passing urine
  • a loss of bladder or bowel control
  • unexpected weight loss

If back pain is causing long-term lack of sleep, speak with a doctor about treatment options and other strategies that can help.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

How to Live with Arthritis

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Article from Orthogate

Arthritis pain is not something pleasant for anyone to live with. Although it is often thought as a side effect of aging, many younger people are affected by inflammatory arthritis. With that in mind, there is a large part of the workforce constantly suffering from arthritis pains. Odds are, you are either one of them, or you know someone who is. The first thing you should do if you suspect that you have arthritis is go see your primary care physician and follow their treatment plan. However, even with meds and treatments, you most likely will still feel pain. Luckily, there are plenty of home remedies that can help you live with them.

Diets and Home Treatments 

While there are several different kinds of arthritis, there are certain home treatments that can benefit each one. One of the major treatments that even the most home-treatment cynical doctors will advise is a change in diet. If you are over a certain weight, your weight may be causing you more pain by causing pressure on your joints. Your doctor may suggest to eat more low carb foods and avoid sugars and red meat. However, the best diet you can follow to lessen your arthritis pain is an anti-inflammatory diet. While it’s not strictly a “diet”, it does help you learn what foods to avoid and what foods you should add to your routine.

Sleep and Pain 

If you are suffering from arthritis pain, you might also be having trouble getting a good night’s rest. Even if you don’t have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, pain can interfere with your REM sleep, causing you to wake up still feeling tired. This article on “Creaky Joints” talks more about the research behind these concerns. Even if your pain doesn’t interfere with your sleep, studies show that your lack of sleep affects your pain levels.

Physical Activity and Arthritis 

Another important part of living with arthritis is staying active. While it may feel like the last thing you want to do, light exercise can help you to stay healthy, no matter what kind of arthritis you have. It is important that you only practice low contact exercises, especially if you have inflammatory arthritis. Exercises that are safe to practice without hurting your joints are swimming, yoga, and cycling. It’s also good to take walks on days that you aren’t up to a workout.

On the other hand, you must learn when to say no and listen to your body. In order to not worsen the progression in your joints, you don’t want to push yourself too far. A walk in the park might be healthy, but you might want to talk to your doctor before agreeing to an all-day hike up a mountain. A lot of people with arthritis pains often feel these pains in full force during and after especially active vacations, so looking into activities that allow for solid exercise without overexertion is crucial for keeping the pain at bay. Doing safe activities for your joints while on a family getaway,  for example, allows for a quality vacation without negative effects and overdoing it.

When you are active or you over-do it, you might find yourself suffering a lot of pain in your joints. When this happens, you can take over-the-counter pain medication or practice some home remedies that might ease the pain. Hot and cold compresses are great for making the swelling go down in auto-immune arthritis reactions, but they are also a good pain relief for osteoarthritis. An old fashioned warm bath could also be the perfect solution to getting some relief. When you push yourself too far, take it as easy as life allows and rest. Your joints will only feel worse if you keep pushing them.

Plan Ahead to Prevent Pain 

Finally, you can prevent arthritis pain by thinking ahead. If you’re going to have a long day, plan times that you can take a break or rest. If mobility aids take some pressure off of your lower joints, think about walking with one. Buy clothes that don’t have as many difficult buttons and zippers and don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it.

It’s not easy to live with the pain of arthritis, but with the right preparations and support system, you can be ready for anything your body throws at you.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

Frozen shoulder: What you need to know

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Article on MedicalNewsToday, medically reviewed by William Morrison, M.D. — Written by Caroline Gillott on December 5, 2017

Frozen shoulder is a common condition in which the shoulder stiffens, reducing its mobility. It is also known as adhesive capsulitis.

The term “frozen shoulder” is often used incorrectly for arthritis, but these two conditions are unrelated. Frozen shoulder refers specifically to the shoulder joint, while arthritis may refer to other or multiple joints. It commonly affects people aged between 40 and 60 years, and it is more likely in women than in men. It is estimated to affect about 3 percent of people. It can affect one or both shoulders.

Exercises

Frequent, gentle exercise can prevent and possibly reverse stiffness in the shoulder.

The American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) suggest some simple exercises:

Crossover arm stretch: Holding the upper arm of the affected side, gently pull the arm across in front of you, under the chin. Hold for 30 seconds. Relax and repeat.

Exercises should be guided by a doctor, an osteopath, or a physical therapist. Anyone experiencing stiffness in the shoulder joint should seek medical attention sooner rather than later to prevent permanent stiffness.

Harvard Medical School suggest the following exercises for relieving a frozen shoulder:

Pendulum stretch

Stand with the shoulders relaxed. Lean forward with the hand of the unaffected arm resting on a table. Let the affected arm hang down vertically and swing in a small circle, around 1 foot in diameter. Increase the diameter over several days, as you gain strength.

Towel stretch

Grab both ends of a towel behind your back. With the good arm, pull the towel, and the affected arm, up toward the shoulder. Repeat 10 to 20 times a day.

Symptoms

A person with a frozen shoulder will have a persistently painful and stiff shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms develop gradually, and usually resolve on their own.

Causes

The shoulder is made up of three bones: The shoulder blade, the collarbone, and the upper arm bone, or humerus. The shoulder has a ball-and-socket joint. The round head of the upper arm bone fits into this socket. Connective tissue, known as the shoulder capsule, surrounds this joint. Synovial fluid enables the joint to move without friction.

Frozen shoulder is thought to happen when scar tissue forms in the shoulder. This causes the shoulder joint’s capsule to thicken and tighten, leaving less room for movement. Movement may become stiff and painful. The exact cause is not fully understood, and it cannot always be identified. However, most people with frozen shoulder have experienced immobility as a result of a recent injury or fracture. The condition is common in people with diabetes.

Risk factors

Common risk factors for frozen shoulder are:

  • Age: Being over 40 years of age.
  • Gender: 70 percent of people with frozen shoulder are women.
  • Recent trauma: Surgery or and arm fracture can lead to immobility during recovery, and this may cause the shoulder capsule to stiffen.
  • Diabetes: 10 to 20 percent of people with diabetes develop frozen shoulder, and symptoms may be more severe. The reasons are unclear.

Other conditions that can increase the risk are:

  • stroke
  • hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid
  • hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid
  • cardiovascular disease
  • Parkinson’s disease

Stages

Symptoms are usually classified in three stages, as they worsen gradually and then resolve within a 2- to 3-year period.

The AAOS describe three stages:

  • Freezing, or painful stage: Pain increases gradually, making shoulder motion harder and harder. Pain tends to be worse at night. This stage can last from 6 weeks to 9 months.
  • Frozen: Pain does not worsen, and it may decrease at this stage. The shoulder remains stiff. It can last from 4 to 6 months, and movement may be restricted.
  • Thawing: Movement gets easier and may eventually return to normal. Pain may fade but occasionally recur. This takes between 6 months and 2 years.

Over 90 percent of people find that with simple exercises and pain control, symptoms improve. A frozen shoulder normally recovers, but it can take 3 years.

Diagnosis

Doctors will most likely diagnose frozen shoulder based on signs, symptoms, and a physical exam, paying close attention to the arms and shoulders. The severity of frozen shoulder is determined by a basic test in which a doctor presses and moves certain parts of the arm and shoulder. Structural problems can only be identified with the help of imaging tests, such as an X-ray or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Treatment

The aim is to alleviate pain and preserve mobility and flexibility in the shoulder. In time and with treatment, 9 out of 10 patients experience relief. However, recovery may be slow, and symptoms can persist for several years. There are several ways to relieve pain and alleviate the condition.

Painkillers: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available to purchase over-the counter, and may reduce inflammation and alleviate mild pain. Not all painkillers are suitable for every patient, so it is important to review options with the doctor.

Hot or cold compression packs: These can help reduce pain and swelling. Alternating between the two may help.

Corticosteroid injections: However, repeated corticosteroid injections are discouraged as they can have adverse effects, including further damage to the shoulder.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): This works by numbing the nerve endings in the spinal cord that control pain. The TENS machine sends small to electrodes, or small electric pads, that are applied to the skin on the affected shoulder. Various TENS machines from different brands are available to purchase online.

Physical therapy: This can provide training in exercises to maintain as much mobility and flexibility as possible without straining the shoulder or causing too much pain.

Shoulder manipulation: The shoulder joint is gently moved while the patient is under a general anesthetic.

Shoulder arthroscopy: A minimally invasive type of surgery used in a small percentage of cases. A small endoscope, or tube, is inserted through a small incision into the shoulder joint to remove any scar tissue or adhesions. The doctor will suggest a suitable option depending on the severity of signs and symptoms.

Prevention

Frozen shoulder can only be prevented if it is caused by an injury that makes shoulder movement difficult. Anyone who experiences such an injury should talk to a doctor about exercises for maintaining mobility and flexibility of the shoulder joint.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

Hip Pain: Causes and Treatments

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Article on WebMD, reviewed by Tyler Wheeler, MD on March 15, 2020

The hip joint can withstand repeated motion and a fair amount of wear and tear. This ball-and-socket joint — the body’s largest — fits together in a way that allows for fluid movement.

Whenever you use the hip (for example, by going for a run), a cushion of cartilage helps prevent friction as the hip bone moves in its socket. Despite its durability, the hip joint isn’t indestructible. With age and use, the cartilage can wear down or become damaged. Muscles and tendons in the hip can get overused. Bones in the hip can break during a fall or other injury. Any of these conditions can lead to hip pain. If your hips are sore, here is a rundown of what might be causing your discomfort and how to get hip pain relief.

Causes of Hip Pain

These are some of the conditions that commonly cause hip pain:

Arthritis. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are among the most common causes of hip pain, especially in older adults. Arthritis leads to inflammation of the hip joint and the breakdown of the cartilage that cushions your hip bones. The pain gradually gets worse. People with arthritis also feel stiffness and have reduced range of motion in the hip. Learn more about hip osteoarthritis.

Hip fractures. With age, the bones can become weak and brittle. Weakened bones are more likely to break during a fall. Learn more about hip fracture symptoms.

Bursitis. Bursae are sacs of liquid found between tissues such as bone, muscles, and tendons. They ease the friction from these tissues rubbing together. When bursae get inflamed, they can cause pain. Inflammation of bursae is usually due to repetitive activities that overwork or irritate the hip joint. Learn more about bursitis of the hip.

Tendinitis. Tendons are the thick bands of tissue that attach bones to muscles. Tendinitis is inflammation or irritation of the tendons. It’s usually caused by repetitive stress from overuse. Learn more about tendinitis symptoms.

Muscle or tendon strain. Repeated activities can put strain on the muscles, tendons, and ligaments that support the hips. When they become inflamed due to overuse, they can cause pain and prevent the hip from working normally. Learn about the best stretches for tight hip muscles.

Hip labral tear. This is a rip in the ring of cartilage (called the labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of your hip joint. Along with cushioning your hip joint, your labrum acts like a rubber seal or gasket to help hold the ball at the top of your thighbone securely within your hip socket. Athletes and people who perform repetitive twisting movements are at higher risk of developing this problem. Learn more about hip labral tears.

Cancers. Tumors that start in the bone or that spread to the bone can cause pain in the hips, as well as in other bones of the body. Learn more about bone tumors​​​​​​​.

Avascular necrosis (also called osteonecrosis). This condition happens when blood flow to the hip bone slows and the bone tissue dies. Although it can affect other bones, avascular necrosis most often happens in the hip. It can be caused by a hip fracture or dislocation, or from the long-term use of high-dose steroids (such as prednisone), among other causes.

Symptoms of Hip Pain

Depending on the condition that’s causing your hip pain, you might feel the discomfort in your:

  • Thigh
  • Inside of the hip joint
  • Groin
  • Outside of the hip joint
  • Buttocks

Sometimes pain from other areas of the body, such as the back or groin (from a hernia), can radiate to the hip.You might notice that your pain gets worse with activity, especially if it’s caused by arthritis. Along with the pain, you might have reduced range of motion. Some people develop a limp from persistent hip pain.

Hip Pain Relief

If your hip pain is caused by a muscle or tendon strain, osteoarthritis, or tendinitis, you can usually relieve it with an over-the-counter pain medication.

Another way to relieve hip pain is by holding ice to the area for about 15 minutes a few times a day. Try to rest the affected joint as much as possible until you feel better. You may also try heating the area. A warm bath or shower can help ready your muscle for stretching exercises that can lessen pain.

If you have arthritis, exercising the hip joint with low-impact exercises, stretching, and resistance training can reduce pain and improve joint mobility. For example, swimming is a good non-impact exercise for arthritis. Physical therapy can also help increase your range of motion.

When osteoarthritis becomes so severe that the pain is intense or the hip joint becomes deformed, a total hip replacement (arthroplasty) may be a consideration. People who fracture their hip sometimes need surgery to fix the fracture or replace the hip.

Call your health care provider if your pain doesn’t go away, or if you notice swelling, redness, or warmth around the joint. Also call if you have hip pain at night or when you are resting.

Get medical help right away if:

  • The hip pain came on suddenly.
  • A fall or other injury triggered the hip pain.
  • Your joint looks deformed or is bleeding.
  • You heard a popping noise in the joint when you injured it.
  • The pain is intense.
  • You can’t put any weight on your hip.
  • You can’t move your leg or hip.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

Why are my RA symptoms getting worse?

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From WebMD, medically reviewed on October 8, 2020

Getting control of you moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis can be difficult, here are some common reasons why.

You’re Having a Flare

Red, warm, swollen joints are inflamed. A flare is when inflammation in your body spikes. Your symptoms can get worse. You might also have a mild fever, fatigue, and feel sick all over. To treat a flare, your doctor might adjust your medicine to lower the inflammation. To feel better, get more rest and apply hot or cold packs to sore, swollen joints.

You’re Under Pressure

Stress, anxiety, and even depression are common with RA. It’s more than just a bad mood. Depression can make it hard for you to manage your symptoms. Stress tells your body to release cortisol, an anti-inflammatory hormone. But ongoing stress triggers too much cortisol. This makes pain feel worse. Find ways to relax, like yoga, bubble baths, or exercise.

Your Sleep Cycle Is Off

RA pain and sleep trouble are a vicious cycle. If you’re in pain, you can’t sleep well. If you don’t get enough rest, your symptoms get worse. Good habits can help you get the downtime you need. Use guided imagery to distract you from the pain. Take pain meds before bedtime so you can nod off more easily. Switch off your phone and bedside clock. Their lights can disturb your slumber.

Your Meds No Longer Help

Even if what you’re taking has kept your RA under control for a while, things can change. If your body starts to resist current treatments, your symptoms may get worse. Talk to your doctor. You may be able to change to a new treatment. If you’re on a biologic, they might add other rheumatoid arthritis drugs to get your symptoms under control.

You Have Another Disease, Too

As if RA isn’t enough to handle, you can get related conditions that cause similar symptoms. People with RA are more likely to get fibromyalgia, too. It causes chronic pain, fatigue, and tender points that mimic RA. Your doctor can diagnose fibro to be sure it’s the cause of your problems and suggest treatment.

You’re Out of Remission

The goal of RA treatment is to make disease activity stop or slow down greatly so you have few or no symptoms. Doctors call this remission. But it doesn’t always last. RA might return and get worse. Over the years, your symptoms can come and go. See your doctor to adjust your medications.

You Don’t Exercise Enough

RA joint pain and stiffness can make you want to stay on the couch. But if you don’t move your joints, your symptoms will get worse. Exercise actually helps ease RA pain and fatigue. Try to get some activity every day. Walk, bike, or swim to rev up your heart. Do range-of-motion stretches to keep your joints limber. Work your muscles so they stay strong.

You Just Had a Baby

RA symptoms often ease up when you’re pregnant. But this can end soon after delivery. It’s hard to care for a baby when you have severe joint pain and fatigue, too. Your doctor can prescribe treatments that control your symptoms but are also safe for your baby if you plan to breastfeed.

You’re Carrying Extra Pounds

Added weight puts more stress on inflamed joints, which leads to more pain. Too much fat in your body can release hormones that worsen RA inflammation.  Your treatments may not work as well if you’re overweight. Exercise daily, and get help from a nutritionist if you struggle to stay at a healthy weight.

You Smoke

If you have RA and smoke, you should quit! Smokers with RA who quit often see symptoms improve. Smoking raises the odds that you’ll get RA in the first place. It can also affect the way your RA drugs work. They may not control your symptoms like they should. And it can zap your energy so you don’t exercise, which could ease your joint pain. Quit smoking or get help to kick the habit.

You’ve Been Too Active

Exercise is good for your RA, but you can overdo it. If you’ve been active all day, take time to relax. Rest can cool inflamed joints and help you bounce back from fatigue. Take breaks so you don’t get hurt. A physical therapist can teach you how to protect your joints, prevent painful muscle spasms, and exercise safely.

You’re Low on Vitamin D

People with RA often have low levels of vitamin D in their bodies. If you don’t have enough, your RA could become more active. That can lead to painful inflammation and even bone loss over time. Low vitamin D can worsen pain and fatigue. Your doctor can test your blood to measure your levels. More time in the sun (with sunscreen) and supplements might give you what you need.

You Have an Infection

RA and the treatments you take for it make you more likely to get an infection. Your immune system is overworked already, so it’s hard for it to fight off common bugs. Even seasonal flu can trigger RA symptoms. It also puts you at risk for septic arthritis, which causes severe pain in your knees, hips, or shoulders. Get the vaccines that your doctor suggests, such as a yearly flu shot.

You Stopped Taking Your Meds

Maybe they’re too expensive. Or perhaps you felt better so you thought it was OK to ditch your meds. But symptoms may flare up if you stop your medications. Talk to your doctor. You might be able to switch to a drug that doesn’t have as many side effects, or take a lower dose.

You Were Diagnosed Late

Your RA symptoms may be worse if you had the disease for years before you knew it. If it isn’t spotted and treated early, inflammation can lead to joint pain, damage, and deformity that won’t get better. Physical therapy may help you move better and ease your pain. Surgery can also replace your damaged joint with a new one.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

Partial and Total Knee Replacement: How are they different?

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From Noyes Knee Institute

Strong, healthy knees are important for your mobility. Unfortunately, the knee joint is easily injured and is susceptible to damage from arthritis. Any damage or injury to the knee is painful and may limit your daily activities. Depending on which part of your knee is damaged, you may have the option of either a total or partial knee replacement.

Learn more about the difference between partial and total knee replacement to decide which is right for you.

Parts of the Knee

The knee joint consists of four bones: the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella. Four ligaments — two collateral and two cruciate — stabilize the connection of the bones while allowing movement. Menisci, or cartilage, minimizes the trauma of the femur and tibia sliding across each other, and small sacs of fluid between bones allow for smooth movement.

The knee is also divided into three distinct compartments: The medial compartment is the section of knee on the inside of the leg, the lateral compartment is on the outside of the leg, and the patellofemoral compartment is the area directly under the kneecap. A partial knee replacement is done when only one of these compartments is damaged.

Total Knee Replacement

A total knee replacement involves resurfacing the ends of the tibia and femur to remove all the damaged tissue. The damage could be deteriorated bone, cracked bone, or calcified bone as well as the damaged cartilage. Once the bad tissue is removed, metal caps are placed over the bones to recreate their original shape and size. These caps may snap on snugly or be glued in place.

With the bones recreated, the doctor determines whether the kneecap has been damaged or not. If there is damage, the underside will be cleaned, and then a plastic disc will be fit into place. Finally, plastic pacers are placed between all parts that may rub or slide against each other during movement.

Either or both of the cruciate ligaments of the knee may be removed during a total knee replacement if they are damaged. The collateral ligaments are not removed. When a cruciate ligament is taken out, the metal caps over the bones have a ridge or locking mechanism to ensure your bones do not move too far or slip out of place.

Partial Knee Replacement

A partial knee replacement requires the same resurfacing and metal caps but involves either the medial or lateral compartment. If both compartments have damaged tissue, or if the problem is within the patellofemoral compartment, a different treatment is needed.

If your knee is unstable and the bones slip to the side, forward, or backward, partial knee replacement is not an option. In addition, the anterior cruciate ligament must not be damaged for this procedure to work. No ligament is removed during a partial knee replacement.

When only one compartment needs repaired, you may consider a partial knee replacement. If your doctor deems you a good candidate for this procedure you will experience a few benefits over a total knee replacement. One of the most important benefit is that your knee will still function the way it always has because less of the joint is removed and replaced.

With a partial replacement, you may require more surgery and a total replacement in the future. One reason for this is that a partial replacement does not last as long as a total replacement. The other reason is that the remaining natural parts of the joint may become damaged as you age and require replacement too.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

What to know about a stiff neck

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Medically reviewed by Gregory Minnis, DPT — Written by Jennifer Berry on January 2, 2019 | Article featured on Medical News Today

The neck contains muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones. These work together to support the head and allow it to move in many directions. The neck may become stiff or painful when overused or injured.

A stiff neck often occurs when one of the muscles becomes strained or tense. Stiffness can also develop if one or more of the vertebrae is injured.

A stiff neck may become painful when a person tries to move their neck or head.

Usually, a stiff neck results from a minor injury or incident. People can often relieve the stiffness at home. In rare cases, however, it can be a sign of a serious illness that requires medical treatment.

Causes of a stiff neck

Stiffness usually occurs when the neck muscles are overused, stretched too far, or strained. This can cause pain ranging from mild to severe that can make it difficult to move the head or use the neck muscles.

The most common causes of a stiff neck include:

Minor sprains and strains

Sleeping in an awkward position can cause a stiff neck. A stiff neck often results from minor injury or strain, possibly due to:

  • sleeping awkwardly
  • sitting or slouching for long periods, such as at a desk
  • looking down at an object (such as a cell phone) repeatedly
  • sustaining a sports injury
  • experiencing a fall
  • having tense muscles due to stress

Whiplash

More severe neck injuries can cause whiplash. People often experience whiplash during car accidents that cause the head to suddenly jerk forward and backward.

Whiplash is an injury to the muscles, bones, ligaments, nerves in the neck, or all of these. It causes pain and stiffness in the neck.

Other symptoms of whiplash include:

  • a headache
  • dizziness
  • back or shoulder pain
  • a feeling of prickling or burning in the neck area
  • memory loss or trouble concentrating

Arthritis

Cervical spondylosis, or arthritis of the neck, can also cause neck pain and stiffness, which may improve when lying down.

The pain may get worse when a person stays in the same position for a long period, such as while driving or sitting in front of a computer. Other symptoms of cervical spondylosis include:

  • headaches
  • numbness in the arms or hands
  • trouble walking, balance problems, or both
  • weakness in the arms or legs

A doctor may diagnose cervical spondylosis with the help of certain tests, such as an X-ray, MRI scan, and a blood test.

Meningitis

Sometimes, a stiff neck is a symptom of meningitis, which can be serious. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which are coverings on the brain and spinal cord.

A virus, bacteria, or fungi may cause meningitis. Viral meningitis can get better on its own, but bacterial and fungal meningitis can be life-threatening. Some symptoms of meningitis include:

  • a sudden fever, usually with a headache, a stiff neck, or both
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • sensitivity to light
  • confusion, irritability, or both
  • an inability to wake from sleep

A person should seek immediate medical care if these symptoms appear.

Treatments for a stiff neck

The best way to relieve a stiff neck depends on the cause. When the stiffness is minor, some of the following home treatments may help:

Applying ice

Applying an ice pack may help reduce swelling and numb pain.

Using an ice pack can help relieve inflammation and swelling after a minor strain. The ice can have a numbing effect, temporarily relieving any pain.

This treatment is usually most effective within the first 48 hours of an injury, when there tends to be the most significant swelling.

Use a first aid ice pack or cover a bag of ice or frozen peas with a cloth to avoid frostbite. Apply the ice for up to 20 minutes at a time, taking 20–30-minute breaks.

Applying heat

Some people alternate using ice and heat on a muscle strain. Using heating pads or a taking hot bath can help relax tense muscles and provide relief.

Taking over-the-counter medicines

If applying ice, heat, or both does not relieve the pain of a stiff neck, taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help.

Stretching

Stretch the neck muscles by gently and slowly moving the head from side to side. Roll the shoulders forward and backward. Stop if the stretches cause pain.

Checking the sleep environment

Sometimes, a mattress that is too firm or not supportive enough can cause neck pain. A pillow that is the incorrect size or firmness may also cause a stiff neck.

The head, neck, and back should be in an aligned position during sleep. The pillows that a person uses should suit their sleeping position.

A firmer, larger pillow may work well for side sleepers. Back sleepers may need a flatter pillow that supports the head and neck without forcing them into a forward position.

Paying attention to posture

Slouching can gradually pull the neck muscles and cause stiffness and pain. A person should focus on keeping the shoulders, neck, and back in a straight line throughout the day. Wearing a posture-correcting device may help, as can setting reminders and alarms on a cell phone or computer.

See a dentist

Ongoing stiffness in the neck accompanied by a headache or jaw pain upon waking can be a sign of nighttime teeth grinding, or bruxism. A dentist can check the teeth for signs of wear from grinding, and they may look at the alignment of the jaw.

Some people wear a custom-made teeth guard at night to protect the teeth from further damage. This may also alleviate pressure on the jaw and neck muscles.

Getting a massage

A licensed massage therapist may help provide relief from tense, sore muscles. Although research has not yet proven that massage is effective, a study from 2014 found that massage did improve pain for people with neck arthritis.

Managing stress

There is no way to completely avoid stress. However, learning to manage it can reduce tension in the neck.

People with high levels of chronic stress may wish to talk with a healthcare professional about healthful ways to manage stress.

Prevention

Looking down at a phone for too long can cause eye and neck strain.

Some of the following measures can help prevent a stiff neck:

  • Use an earpiece to talk on the phone. Avoid holding the phone between the shoulder and ear.
  • Try not to look down at a cell phone or tablet for long periods. Hold the device at eye level whenever possible and take frequent breaks.
  • Use proper ergonomics at work. This may include keeping the screen at eye level, keeping the feet flat on the floor, and making sure the arms are supported. Also, focus on keeping the head directly above the neck without craning it forward.
  • Be mindful when carrying bags. Carrying a heavy purse or briefcase can put pressure on the shoulder and strain the muscles in the neck. Use rolling bags or backpacks whenever possible.
  • Take breaks. Sitting or driving for long periods can strain the neck. Get up, walk, and stretch at least once per hour.
  • Invest in a high-quality mattress and pillow that provide the correct amount of support.
  • Regularly engage in stress-relieving activities. Some examples include listening to relaxing music, taking baths, practicing meditation or deep breathing, and enjoying a class or favorite activity.
  • See a healthcare provider as recommended. Talk with them about pain, stress levels, sleep quality, and overall well-being.
  • Exercise regularly. Moving the body can help alleviate muscle tension and stiffness. Exercise is also a natural stress reliever. Low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, biking, or yoga may be helpful.

When to see a doctor

A stiff neck is generally not a cause for alarm. However, see a doctor if:

  • The stiffness is accompanied by other symptoms, such as a fever, a headache, or irritability.
  • The stiffness does not go away within a few days and after trying home treatments such as NSAIDs and gentle stretching.
  • The pain is severe.

Summary

A stiff neck is a common problem that a person can usually treat with home remedies and prevention strategies. It usually results from injuries caused by whiplash, sleeping awkwardly, having a poor posture, or stress.

Neck pain is not typically a sign of a more serious issue. Do not ignore it, however, if it comes on suddenly and accompanies other symptoms.

The Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center of Oregon is an award-winning, board-certified orthopedic group located in downtown Portland Oregon. We utilize both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

Our mission is to return our patients back to pain-free mobility and full strength as quickly and painlessly as possible using both surgical and non-surgical orthopedic procedures.

Our expert physicians provide leading-edge, comprehensive care in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic conditions, including total joint replacement and sports medicine. We apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in order to return our patients to their active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for compassionate, expert orthopedic surgeons in Portland Oregon, contact OSM today.

Phone:
503-224-8399

Address
1515 NW 18th Ave, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97209

Hours
Monday–Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm